Causes of Brain Injury
Infections and Diseases
Infections that cause swelling in the brain or the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord (meninges) can result in acquired brain injury (ABI).
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Almost everything we do, say and think is controlled by our brain, so when our brain is injured, it has the potential to affect every aspect of life.
The brain itself is a complex organ. Its many parts deal with different aspects of what we think, feel and do – so injury to specific areas can cause many different problems to arise. The brain and the rest of our body communicate back and forth through the nervous system and its pathways.
Causes of Brain Injury
Degenerative Conditions
Degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease lead to a progressive decline in brain function characterised by dementia. Symptoms include problems with memory, perception, behaviour, language and personality.
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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) refers to a range of impairments that children are at risk of developing if exposed to alcohol before birth.
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Brain tumours and brain cancer
Brain tumours can affect brain function in a number of ways and to varying degrees, depending on where they grow and how severe they are.
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Alcohol / Drug Related Brain Injury
Alcohol is a poison, or neurotoxin, that can cause physical injury to the brain. This is known as Alcohol Related Brain Injury (ARBI). Other drugs, which fall into the category of stimulants, depressants or hallucinogens, can also lead to impairments. A person under the influence of alcohol or drugs is also at risk of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) due to accidents.
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Anoxic and Hypoxic Brain Injury (lack of oxygen)
Brain injury can occur when there is a reduction in (hypoxic) or complete lack of (anoxic) oxygen supply to the brain.
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Dementia and brain injury
Dementia is a category of brain diseases that result in memory loss and deterioration of speech, motor skills and cognitive functioning as it progresses.
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Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been defined as ‘an injury to the brain resulting from an externally applied mechanical force that affects the brain and leads to loss of consciousness or coma’
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Stroke
A stroke is an interruption of blood supply to part of the brain
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